epa12342212 Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) attends a bilateral meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin, China, 01 September 2025. EPA/VLADIMIR SMIRNOV / SPUTNIK/KREMLIN POOL MANDATORY CREDIT

epa12342184 Russian President Vladimir Putin arrives to attend the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Plus format meeting in Tianjin, China. in Tianjin, China, 01 September 2025. EPA/SERGEY BOBYLEV/SPUTNIK/KREMLIN POOL MANDATORY CREDIT

epa12342055 Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (L) and Russian President Vladimir Putin shake hands as they pose for a photograph before a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin, China, 01 September 2025. EPA/ALEXANDER KAZAKOV/SPUTNIK/KREMLIN POOL MANDATORY CREDIT

epa12342162 Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (L) and Russian President Vladimir Putin shake hands as they pose for a photograph before a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin, China, 01 September 2025. EPA/ALEXANDER KAZAKOV/SPUTNIK/KREMLIN POOL MANDATORY CREDIT